{"id":"W4366957392","doi":"10.1109/mnet.001.2300140","title":"Gradient Leakage Attacks in Federated Learning: Research Frontiers, Taxonomy, and Future Directions","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Network","topic":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Deep learning; Artificial intelligence; Adversary; Big data; Machine learning; Analytics; Variety (cybernetics); Data science; Data mining; Computer security","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["open_science"],"consensus_categories":["open_science"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001507637,0.0001505795,0.0002011724,0.000386749,0.0006362658,0.0003203487,0.005731539,0.0001910671,0.000002977715],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001554793,0.0001519652,0.00003000384,0.00378904,0.0001587579,0.0003550537,0.01539963,0.001088984,0.00007138919],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001283541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005426705,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008511926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001893848,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976633,0.000336292,0.0002169074,0.0006643288,0.0003121127,0.000807061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972589,0.0002686517,0.00005418767,0.002261085,0.00006890265,0.00008824653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006576982,0.00001538791,0.00692469,0.000006421409,0.00001280261,0.00005636004,0.00007558271,0.0004561821,0.00001350468,0.0002225865,0.9568054,0.03540448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002234316,0.00007064101,0.009671347,0.00004313085,0.000001821378,0.000009222637,0.0001768689,0.1061814,0.00005586008,0.03074314,0.8526196,0.0002035022],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4539449,0.02032454,0.1282447,0.2870665,0.06536928,0.004570336,0.0000395855,0.0202499,0.02019032],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7282225,0.02748577,0.2225551,0.0005023487,0.01410944,0.001658146,0.0001416634,0.0002036946,0.005121354],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2865642,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996479,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07124240024484099,"score_gpt":0.3115963829791074,"score_spread":0.2403539827342664,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}