{"id":"W4366992020","doi":"10.1001/jama.2023.4221","title":"Emulation of Randomized Clinical Trials With Nonrandomized Database Analyses","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JAMA","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":379,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; National Institute on Aging; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; U.S. Food and Drug Administration","keywords":"Medicine; Emulation; Randomized controlled trial; Clinical trial; MEDLINE; Database; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02600308,0.0001525706,0.002380434,0.0001970239,0.00003085884,0.00002363115,0.0001499205,0.0001184015,0.0001410135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.09353598,0.00009265228,0.0004287101,0.0004420285,0.0001724055,0.0002278244,0.00006046017,0.0001732434,0.00002088034],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001287297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005317908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002095048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000961412,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9941141,0.003303535,0.001836806,0.0002309633,0.000347329,0.0001672921],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9553498,0.04275981,0.001085396,0.0004742552,0.0002676274,0.00006309569],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"randomized_trial","study_design_gemma":"randomized_trial","study_design_scores_codex":[0.7526855,0.0007032449,0.000595504,0.000428691,0.002199129,0.00006386151,0.0007847962,0.0002046402,0.02699479,0.160288,0.01772637,0.03732551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.6489458,0.0001805039,0.000124522,0.0003678557,0.001187566,0.00000295601,0.0001373507,0.01489255,0.0403019,0.2933661,0.0001918868,0.0003009566],"study_design_candidate":"randomized_trial","study_design_consensus":"randomized_trial","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.187965,0.0000575241,0.8069181,0.0003679145,0.0001001842,0.002249887,0.0000507169,0.0007237386,0.001566973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8491168,0.0002251393,0.1497254,0.0000609737,0.0001818837,0.0002186016,0.0001082211,0.00003552566,0.000327471],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6611518,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9140996,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5650319051167182,"score_gpt":0.5950935289172615,"score_spread":0.03006162380054334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}