{"id":"W4367181317","doi":"10.1007/s10961-023-10007-z","title":"Role of global public sector research in discovering new drugs and vaccines","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Technology Transfer","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Intellectual property; Context (archaeology); Monetization; Product (mathematics); Biosimilar; Business; Medicine; Public relations; Political science; Law; Economics; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001310681,0.00006589521,0.0002720064,0.000543968,0.00003805468,0.0000170428,0.0003683578,0.00009889024,0.00004586275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005696523,0.00005422505,0.00004973024,0.0009221843,0.0001153506,0.0001348188,0.00006687987,0.0003552707,0.00002523645],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005619371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004794696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001353433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009403342,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991208,0.00001867608,0.0004812651,0.00008974047,0.00002970451,0.0002598068],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996362,0.00008299326,0.00006259675,0.0001352443,0.00002397019,0.00005901066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001411477,0.00007903884,0.1762308,0.00004164399,0.0001355414,0.000005777985,0.001137644,0.0001221261,0.002648169,0.7982501,0.0006610526,0.02054691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001553378,0.0001900331,0.08813619,0.00003854752,0.000008961896,0.00005254554,0.0008887483,0.0009749811,0.001784638,0.8809057,0.02532824,0.0001380036],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9613852,0.003301029,0.00005817139,0.03361845,0.0000680431,0.00006192644,0.00002589464,0.000009834753,0.001471446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966248,0.003177228,0.00002551107,0.00008247315,0.0000525239,0.000001194568,2.052962e-7,0.000007503812,0.00002852321],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08809466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2211234,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0910314511083042,"score_gpt":0.3314782690551307,"score_spread":0.2404468179468265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}