{"id":"W4367305004","doi":"10.3758/s13423-023-02294-2","title":"Drawing your way to an A: Long-lasting improvements in classroom quiz performance following drawing","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","topic":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","field":"Psychology","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Operationalization; Set (abstract data type); Task (project management); Recall; Class (philosophy); Cognitive psychology; Mathematics education; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001746643,0.0004129348,0.0006911392,0.000293945,0.0002681767,0.00009882035,0.0005696918,0.0001225031,0.001523242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002346855,0.0004142029,0.0002081811,0.0009870086,0.00003097351,0.0001578357,0.0001699156,0.0005438342,0.01228254],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009792814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003384841,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000105839,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002069974,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965507,0.0002745505,0.0009046662,0.001051499,0.0002433853,0.0009751311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988022,0.0001591187,0.0002470504,0.0005028307,0.00006447945,0.0002243469],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009337787,0.0002409357,0.08996445,0.002213695,0.0001260889,0.00007885893,0.002227187,0.00004664104,0.0004033493,0.0000459051,0.009276632,0.8952829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003059445,0.0009496662,0.4228176,0.02569142,0.0002105639,0.00003694726,0.002210183,0.0001835672,0.0001046642,0.0000727518,0.5427992,0.001864008],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9727623,0.0122968,0.0002030012,0.002839636,0.001925461,0.0009769418,0.000004275013,0.0003458174,0.008645692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984651,0.003251692,0.0003410416,0.005631303,0.000434817,0.0005761737,0.00003991394,0.0001211383,0.004952862],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8934188,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999831,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05569497498885864,"score_gpt":0.37824782789383,"score_spread":0.3225528529049714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}