{"id":"W4367317424","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2023.04.007","title":"The attractiveness of syngas production from forest-based biomass for pulp mills considering carbon pricing and government regulations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable energy focus","topic":"Forest Biomass Utilization and Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia","keywords":"Syngas; Renewable energy; Incentive; Pulp mill; Waste management; Business; Environmental economics; Natural resource economics; Economics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001243422,0.0002351473,0.0003976931,0.0005580873,0.0007380666,0.003452459,0.0006250216,0.001240224,0.008777682],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003472898,0.0002125515,0.0006314649,0.0004705305,0.0008527242,0.001535836,0.0006893431,0.001458583,0.0002781063],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002891375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001998783,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005926828,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01399454,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992504,0.0002034083,0.00001423617,0.00007883053,0.0002695481,0.0001834811],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977162,0.001500105,0.0001788266,0.00005779306,0.0004040904,0.0001428952],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.009243891,0.001034896,0.1315909,0.0008726354,0.0003913103,0.009710241,0.0008863402,0.2390891,0.05097664,0.4747105,0.006904164,0.0745894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003628452,0.002019294,0.2945475,0.0003003672,0.0008951377,0.001555001,0.02236326,0.377147,0.04138507,0.2342381,0.02487265,0.0003138174],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9280812,0.000352843,0.0013162,0.001919539,0.00005827645,0.00002320342,0.0001407021,0.000009448107,0.06809863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982201,0.00006260465,0.00009006554,0.00002242039,0.00001166207,0.000002126699,0.00001517621,0.000003318659,0.001572588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008777682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02936429,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01214268510985102,"score_gpt":0.2035796118578025,"score_spread":0.1914369267479514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}