{"id":"W4367558144","doi":"10.3390/math11092063","title":"Text Simplification to Specific Readability Levels","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematics","topic":"Text Readability and Simplification","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; King Saud University","keywords":"Readability; Computer science; Sentence; Classifier (UML); Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Task (project management); Text simplification; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009028498,0.0001270414,0.0001678906,0.0001403566,0.0001305177,0.0001713447,0.0008365552,0.00006554354,0.0000376917],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002556613,0.000116916,0.00005752687,0.001114084,0.00003334799,0.0002474801,0.0002006872,0.00008540606,0.003910338],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008071404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003491737,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004909887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003929351,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985428,0.00004574579,0.0003787094,0.0004177219,0.0003403291,0.0002746807],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978534,0.0003173532,0.00008213331,0.001520269,0.0001052059,0.0001216275],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003982635,0.000397732,0.0003601767,0.0002137677,0.00001471772,0.000004599261,0.01450352,0.0004315707,0.02618199,0.6935411,0.02242622,0.2419206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002020739,0.0001244659,0.09633032,0.00006451621,0.000009831244,0.00002149161,0.0007967006,0.08836628,0.02622128,0.6960785,0.09098529,0.0007992412],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1689024,0.000007015596,0.8233212,0.003917016,0.0001718509,0.0004430681,0.00001007441,0.0008074846,0.002419867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8753983,0.000005007154,0.1232006,0.0001625921,0.00006002461,0.00006739092,0.00001000042,0.00001503156,0.001081067],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7064959,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9968652,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08187653957215646,"score_gpt":0.3015701657841328,"score_spread":0.2196936262119763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}