{"id":"W4367603203","doi":"10.58421/gehu.v2i2.69","title":"Debate: One of the Key Factors to Improving Students’ English Language Speaking Skills","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of General Education and Humanities","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"English language; Psychology; Competition (biology); Foreign language; English as a foreign language; Pedagogy; Qualitative research; Mathematics education; Medical education; Sociology; Medicine; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000574211,0.00005117661,0.000100128,0.0001327635,0.0003275875,0.0001493681,0.0002099147,0.00002530493,0.0001783089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005477002,0.00003796448,0.00004202055,0.0001681268,0.00008382306,0.0001292131,0.00004249675,0.00009178337,0.000002665479],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007613025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003927427,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004330139,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003897437,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991086,0.00008607392,0.0002339172,0.00005557236,0.0003992726,0.0001165683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993535,0.00006894402,0.0001348873,0.00005628512,0.0003156122,0.00007079813],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002175817,0.0001582106,0.01451726,0.00002206966,0.0000200715,2.46749e-7,0.9461049,0.000002602028,0.0004700561,0.0304368,0.002240259,0.006025309],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001263805,0.00004266312,0.2801858,0.0001584049,0.00002855349,0.000001019084,0.6630362,5.758116e-7,0.001433036,0.002089033,0.0527792,0.000119193],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924727,0.0001022297,0.000005515154,0.001252347,0.002109395,0.00007414335,0.000001094132,0.00001147577,0.003971114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9872207,0.00006454538,0.0003918273,0.0007508695,0.0007982471,0.000002191268,0.00000112362,0.000005214989,0.01076528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2830688,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2519571,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03209149770211742,"score_gpt":0.3407892431879728,"score_spread":0.3086977454858553,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}