{"id":"W4367678267","doi":"10.1007/s11077-023-09504-7","title":"PPP performance evaluation: the social welfare goal, principal–agent theory and political economy","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policy Sciences","topic":"Public-Private Partnership Projects","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Procurement; Normative; Public economics; Transaction cost; Government (linguistics); Politics; Principal (computer security); Government procurement; Social Welfare; Business; Economics; Public choice; Welfare; Principal–agent problem; Empirical evidence; Empirical research; Finance; Market economy; Marketing; Corporate governance; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004228622,0.0001223792,0.000102654,0.0003420886,0.001515807,0.0007908352,0.0005144341,0.00003747396,0.000135071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005546938,0.00008214851,0.00003651084,0.001376452,0.0006895109,0.001248321,0.0004076312,0.00009119583,0.0003084697],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005454109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001685732,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001638114,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002947321,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985048,0.00006216885,0.0001637619,0.0002886389,0.0003953791,0.0005853136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995356,0.0001112302,0.00009084895,0.0001448783,0.00009396258,0.00002343675],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003859078,0.000006719677,0.008465906,0.00002556483,0.000005139233,3.461299e-7,0.0002407235,0.00001305172,0.000004715734,0.9875854,0.001089094,0.002559495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004461809,0.00002158981,0.4879634,0.00001574962,0.00004490516,0.000004520603,0.005134976,0.03623272,0.00005424371,0.1629841,0.3067077,0.0003898437],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6475711,0.00001796789,0.000001989698,0.1103087,0.0001261835,0.0002316671,0.000001347665,0.0001039743,0.2416371],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926515,0.000002015958,0.000007242228,0.005211131,0.001812978,0.00006858155,0.000005667804,0.000007999969,0.0002328645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8246012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997841,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08976167867935929,"score_gpt":0.3620604910115373,"score_spread":0.272298812332178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}