{"id":"W4375847061","doi":"10.1353/tech.2023.0099","title":"Railways' Economic Impact on Uttar Pradesh and Colonial North India (1860–1914): The Iron Raj by Ian D. Derbyshire","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Technology and Culture","topic":"South Asian Studies and Conflicts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Uttar pradesh; Colonialism; BENGAL; Colonial rule; Quarter (Canadian coin); North india; Geography; Population; Economic history; History; Ancient history; Economy; Archaeology; Socioeconomics; Ethnology; Sociology; Economics; Demography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001375015,0.000139593,0.0001663993,0.00006535208,0.00110864,0.00005141286,0.0002018106,0.0003329125,0.00003507468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004398419,0.00008779672,0.00003668002,0.0003479914,0.0007025645,0.00005145197,0.00008056389,0.0003003417,0.0000779392],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004781864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000482298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002554327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002914373,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991897,0.00004062335,0.00009646676,0.0002474709,0.0000793026,0.0003464716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996891,0.00003418051,0.00006120007,0.000136872,0.00001281609,0.00006580529],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001501899,0.00004884274,0.4195336,0.00002391004,0.0002770006,0.00004714425,0.1577881,0.000003717371,0.000154329,0.06477626,0.3042394,0.05295747],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007281959,0.0003431482,0.1511837,0.00001674494,0.00004219851,0.00001020116,0.04186874,0.000009597451,0.00004880563,0.003010304,0.8024361,0.0003023067],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9746678,0.0009396045,2.019473e-7,0.01940439,0.0001337958,0.0002568379,0.00005176019,0.0002506164,0.004294999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962585,0.0007002769,0.000005508181,0.0003637463,0.00009248792,0.00003457981,0.00001118016,0.000007734679,0.002525976],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4981967,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8526875,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007099677016940409,"score_gpt":0.273551629875837,"score_spread":0.2664519528588966,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}