{"id":"W4376113903","doi":"10.1177/03064190231174438","title":"On the origin of the ground effect","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education","topic":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Ground effect (cars); Airfoil; Common ground; Curvature; Lift (data mining); Simple (philosophy); Solver; Circulation (fluid dynamics); Vortex; Computer science; Mechanics; Mathematics; Physics; Geometry; Aerospace engineering; Engineering; Psychology; Social psychology; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002879836,0.0003547791,0.0002761174,0.0003437816,0.0006120183,0.001254922,0.0003965058,0.0008934648,0.01624221],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001688635,0.0002122696,0.0003994108,0.0001767308,0.002157158,0.002485347,0.001393102,0.002266927,0.001332163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004858734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003007322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00122038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007352988,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997846,0.0000660096,0.000005633613,0.00003988041,0.00006891309,0.00003502331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995891,0.0002456393,0.00002555885,0.00005137788,0.00005927833,0.00002913534],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001214959,0.00003882948,0.001187416,0.000176713,0.00001334893,0.0007276498,0.001149657,0.006894656,0.01069278,0.8936945,0.01528709,0.07001588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007687976,0.0001855717,0.00520559,0.0003770243,0.00002886595,0.001008344,0.0008857988,0.03694497,0.01314441,0.7667169,0.1753255,0.0001002181],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1632299,0.01002578,0.2919442,0.02213691,0.003415898,0.00006736271,0.0002013088,0.001841021,0.5071376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9128637,0.004247425,0.02296669,0.002077464,0.0007368026,0.00003542327,0.00007491221,0.0006654686,0.05633215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01624221,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05433559,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01023446193287784,"score_gpt":0.2792313701126509,"score_spread":0.2689969081797731,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}