{"id":"W4376123097","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.05478","title":"Development of the Self-Modulation Instability of a Relativistic Proton Bunch in Plasma","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Foundation; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Cockcroft Institute; Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal; National Research Foundation of Korea; TRIUMF","keywords":"Instability; Plasma; Physics; Bunches; Modulation (music); Amplitude; Two-stream instability; Atomic physics; Ionization; Electron; Beam (structure); Proton; Nuclear physics; Optics; Mechanics; Quantum mechanics; Ion","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001268491,0.0001527128,0.0001523827,0.0001633525,0.0003152496,0.0002488094,0.0001812353,0.0002025429,0.000948418],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004081151,0.0001071569,0.0001130221,0.0001053888,0.000350967,0.0002772123,0.0003767337,0.0002611577,0.00014751],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002527155,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001290789,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004144797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003430927,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999391,0.00001100272,0.00000265685,0.00001261353,0.00002111837,0.00001354196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997676,0.00006821242,0.0000660671,0.00002644203,0.00003786714,0.00003377984],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003198399,0.00007351311,0.008964382,0.00009394035,0.00002903555,0.000717146,0.000412048,0.01514318,0.9467535,0.0136764,0.0006593749,0.01315765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005272327,0.000536577,0.01626245,0.00001332725,0.00002116756,0.0008016936,0.0001403534,0.3997236,0.5739416,0.006106771,0.002357907,0.00004185844],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821329,0.0001301669,0.01489324,0.00005649204,0.00001713171,0.00001840815,0.00003131066,0.0001491648,0.002571201],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975002,0.00002287767,0.001686625,0.00001036341,0.000005007398,0.000005524304,0.00001229009,0.00001030932,0.0007468205],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000948418,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003172815,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0642460301789444,"score_gpt":0.1842400470799818,"score_spread":0.1199940169010374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}