{"id":"W4376273679","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.127100.1","title":"Small studies in systematic reviews: To include or not to include?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"F1000Research","topic":"COVID-19 and healthcare impacts","field":"Medicine","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; University of Toronto","funders":"World Health Organization","keywords":"Medicine; Confidence interval; Odds ratio; Meta-analysis; Internal medicine; Hazard ratio; Systematic review; MEDLINE; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01229731,0.0005778951,0.003187047,0.002464983,0.0001757454,0.0001036238,0.001041564,0.0004493795,0.0001092181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05747385,0.0004076592,0.0002645147,0.002058695,0.00009682845,0.00005357679,0.007500619,0.002160686,0.003657089],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003089898,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003111721,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005906519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01823595,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9921457,0.001426151,0.001912682,0.001219434,0.001894742,0.001401331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9907801,0.004331446,0.0002215638,0.002206984,0.001008004,0.001451897],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002121306,0.0002965018,0.001967947,0.8505714,0.0003749967,0.002465598,0.0315079,0.0001925308,0.0003676967,0.0001204725,0.106392,0.003621644],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003623951,0.004525487,0.06827319,0.8355916,0.0005178727,0.0001385384,0.0115351,0.0006651342,0.0007167686,0.002912648,0.06932003,0.00217975],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4630245,0.04308921,0.0006551719,0.3667728,0.005047638,0.1176422,0.0004406644,0.001487386,0.001840337],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.685743,0.07528783,0.007593494,0.06208197,0.004810323,0.02868871,0.0002666793,0.0009867637,0.1345412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3046909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.8457714802353645,"score_gpt":0.6502226931075797,"score_spread":0.1955487871277848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}