{"id":"W4376486062","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-25867-1_9","title":"Higher Education Funding in Canada, the U.S. and Western Europe – A Comparison","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Higher education dynamics","topic":"Higher Education Governance and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009087902,0.0002404415,0.000337328,0.004794441,0.003017941,0.006209787,0.0008165743,0.0007371735,0.004934437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002890106,0.0001540781,0.0002949481,0.01856195,0.001918617,0.001704491,0.00179376,0.000773703,0.0003720633],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.04441933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.06797764,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9589724,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9864482,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977887,0.0001562103,0.00005315604,0.00009159156,0.0007231741,0.001187155],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975859,0.000265143,0.0002502063,0.0000453517,0.001152569,0.0007008274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000416045,0.0001838467,0.1903203,0.0007493966,0.0001573723,0.0009983063,0.01202274,0.004097512,0.0004357112,0.4372675,0.110298,0.2430533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003450497,0.00004205821,0.5774217,0.000891032,0.00005729515,0.0002490222,0.01895249,0.001061907,0.0003136778,0.01252122,0.3884099,0.00004514969],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3787767,0.0615602,0.0005382668,0.02155547,0.0004252656,0.00005434809,0.003492058,0.00007122595,0.5335265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9093171,0.0234498,0.0004195538,0.001608216,0.0001078957,0.00003204981,0.001589615,0.00003270333,0.0634432],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9555807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3222863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03732139897880283,"score_gpt":0.3136533012911582,"score_spread":0.2763319023123554,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}