{"id":"W4376611400","doi":"10.1007/s40979-023-00130-7","title":"Faculty members’ use of artificial intelligence to grade student papers: a case of implications","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Educational Integrity","topic":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Dilemma; Principle of legality; Field (mathematics); Discretion; Computer science; Engineering ethics; Psychology; Mathematics education; Engineering; Political science; Law; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04996281,0.0005807542,0.0005893206,0.00298512,0.03144044,0.01562388,0.004742318,0.01139043,0.007062982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1841212,0.0007433504,0.0009276151,0.003286589,0.01446363,0.007939165,0.01182964,0.01187705,0.002158875],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009645118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008400047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003210271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003738431,"domain_scores_codex":[0.891459,0.07869056,0.004070016,0.003414837,0.01594003,0.006425574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8340239,0.1039018,0.01966412,0.01080055,0.01717141,0.01443819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000271382,0.0006723707,0.02635747,0.0002974953,0.00005509079,0.0538699,0.5811234,0.0009063939,0.002298211,0.1992865,0.05526094,0.07960085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008057317,0.0004533938,0.004787017,0.0006451897,0.00004914796,0.01880815,0.3565814,0.001807368,0.004992993,0.03815958,0.5734593,0.0001758358],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5053079,0.002180799,0.01483865,0.301016,0.002015723,0.0003063558,0.00007095059,0.0003501318,0.1739135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9710568,0.0004636276,0.002655855,0.01112056,0.0004694427,0.000102778,0.00001474512,0.00006518501,0.01405106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9886096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2642318,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2369344825770243,"score_gpt":0.5090555197410058,"score_spread":0.2721210371639815,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}