{"id":"W4377193544","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2023.106080","title":"A comparative study of thermodynamic modeling and experimental measurement of precipitation titration curves for single- and multi-component sulfate systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hydrometallurgy","topic":"Mine drainage and remediation techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Chemistry; Titration; Titration curve; Precipitation; Sulfate; Electrolyte; Hydroxide; Equilibrium constant; Thermodynamics; Component (thermodynamics); Inorganic chemistry; Physical chemistry; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003713524,0.00008175358,0.0001929793,0.00006989945,0.00004158264,0.000007993418,0.0000448593,0.00002200457,0.000008457298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001395968,0.00007032134,0.00002031854,0.0001176155,0.00004468859,0.0001143983,0.00004363045,0.00002028835,0.000001145085],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003832611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002756029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002391866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005675825,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999176,0.00006379248,0.0002591454,0.0001673412,0.0002552785,0.00007845616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997129,0.0000277325,0.0001302634,0.00007938527,0.00002488948,0.00002483805],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001921395,0.0003628881,0.0001081386,0.0000868818,0.00003044241,2.762999e-7,0.004541153,0.01140719,0.9833281,0.00001324994,0.000007112662,0.00009535265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006227877,0.0005410825,0.001341026,0.0000698773,0.0000261383,9.71461e-7,0.003087064,0.9470343,0.04715789,0.00003191418,0.00000308853,0.0000838598],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896301,0.0003017701,0.008878767,0.000008986055,0.00002759928,0.001023302,0.000003928084,0.00002779371,0.00009772921],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993939,0.00003594906,0.0003879424,0.000002041665,0.000003943386,0.0001354065,0.00001493088,0.000006681667,0.00001920697],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9361702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2867621,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07691229383257076,"score_gpt":0.2944108461733989,"score_spread":0.2174985523408281,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}