{"id":"W4377287082","doi":"10.1525/elementa.2023.00015","title":"Anomalies of O3, CO, C2H2, H2CO, and C2H6 detected with multiple ground-based Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers and assessed with model simulation in 2020: COVID-19 lockdowns versus natural variability","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Elementa Science of the Anthropocene","topic":"COVID-19 impact on air quality","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; University of Toronto; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Troposphere; Atmospheric sciences; Northern Hemisphere; Environmental science; Tropospheric ozone; Ozone; Climatology; Meteorology; Geography; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001743192,0.0002261183,0.0002890065,0.0001581439,0.0003902046,0.00005517484,0.0004659922,0.00004576457,0.0001275271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007007614,0.0001564171,0.00003661345,0.001872009,0.003993832,0.000724113,0.0002136126,0.0001493105,9.228561e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006864256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000380669,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002129393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002405275,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974177,0.0001450431,0.0003862744,0.0005727753,0.001012079,0.0004661006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983035,0.0006963381,0.0002622321,0.0005159157,0.0000365083,0.0001854527],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001590967,0.0002142729,0.7148558,0.0001310193,0.00002313738,0.000003870626,0.001264114,0.2309721,0.05012265,0.00002778822,0.00002582931,0.0007684667],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003298845,0.0004622077,0.4727162,0.00002476209,0.00002452349,0.000001411667,0.0005576679,0.4978479,0.0245645,0.0002945382,0.000009531299,0.0001980016],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935267,0.000006478817,0.004396467,0.0010335,0.00004898285,0.0007431852,0.0000786949,0.00004199522,0.0001239934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958624,0.00001023049,0.003932324,0.0001456842,0.000004075635,0.00001171222,0.000009635923,0.00001218301,0.00001178985],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2668758,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987167,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02527741614162885,"score_gpt":0.3300588445797227,"score_spread":0.3047814284380939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}