{"id":"W4377695007","doi":"10.1016/j.biteb.2023.101463","title":"Transforming lignin into renewable fuels, chemicals, and materials: A review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bioresource Technology Reports","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan","keywords":"Lignin; Biorefinery; Raw material; Pulp and paper industry; Renewable energy; Pulp (tooth); Biopolymer; Biochemical engineering; Waste management; Materials science; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Polymer; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006761356,0.001276627,0.001443101,0.002518238,0.0002788231,0.001152524,0.0008988553,0.0008679301,0.002962372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000602641,0.0004610539,0.0005651774,0.003688503,0.0004245605,0.001558647,0.0009105478,0.001196709,0.001889539],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004900911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00146249,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001210199,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002686564,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997953,0.00001953165,0.00002850997,0.00004273101,0.00008560211,0.00002840316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997543,0.00009550116,0.00005242267,0.000009260116,0.00006168276,0.0000268487],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008736569,0.0001243993,0.0001963051,0.04153535,0.000153679,0.0002155498,0.00007109314,0.0005030911,0.008320596,0.003268781,0.02430373,0.9212201],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002276528,0.0001396682,0.0006533249,0.004329883,0.0002650624,0.0006021481,0.00006945855,0.00008988621,0.002610094,0.001140614,0.9900432,0.00003387058],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002098398,0.9986464,0.0001755086,0.0001051294,0.0001605746,0.000007316917,0.000030546,0.000008527488,0.0006561028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000490825,0.9988105,0.0001868039,0.00007883807,0.00005377105,0.000004618148,0.00002569966,0.000001078249,0.0003478463],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002962372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009910166,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01870746798954763,"score_gpt":0.2696183232883299,"score_spread":0.2509108552987823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}