{"id":"W4378213708","doi":"10.1117/12.2675431","title":"Digital signature and hash algorithms used in Bitcoin and Ethereum","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Cryptography and Data Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm; Hash function; Computer science; Digital signature; Digital Signature Algorithm; Merkle signature scheme; ElGamal signature scheme; Merkle tree; Cryptography; Cryptographic hash function; Algorithm; Schnorr signature; Public-key cryptography; Elliptic curve cryptography; Computer security; Theoretical computer science; Blind signature; Encryption","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001405251,0.00007533461,0.00008607961,0.0001397192,0.00003933348,0.0002990491,0.0001943348,0.00006094374,0.000005657994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001649255,0.00006212505,0.00001617407,0.0006528469,0.00004664576,0.0006376566,0.0002993848,0.000114357,0.0000108574],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000002597229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009799568,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003135471,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008278305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999366,0.00001417947,0.00008364921,0.0002689117,0.0001070817,0.0001601684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999628,0.00008776372,0.0000132308,0.0001988396,0.000009007492,0.00006312261],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001429157,0.0001695714,0.1813371,0.00006835142,0.00003312341,0.0002052804,0.005713535,0.000009683144,0.001302361,0.301701,0.0139181,0.4955275],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003294308,0.0003315847,0.5493513,0.0000948431,0.000006982877,0.00007663128,0.001127275,0.1875958,0.001334001,0.2033714,0.05219025,0.001225499],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9009708,0.0004480112,0.09117929,0.002384961,0.0002070075,0.0002237075,0.00006475679,0.0005515348,0.003969934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921764,0.0000622764,0.007440052,0.0001921881,0.00002134001,0.000004116507,0.00001447741,0.000004816764,0.00008440796],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.494302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2883738,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01405732247274512,"score_gpt":0.2387163776303457,"score_spread":0.2246590551576006,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}