{"id":"W4378229382","doi":"10.31812/ed.579","title":"On the question of the establishment and development of languages education in Canada (XVII - the beginning of XXI century)","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational Dimension","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Multilingualism; Context (archaeology); Globalization; Political science; Language policy; Foreign language; Pedagogy; Language education; Sociology; Politics; Language industry; Sociology of language; Social science; Comprehension approach; Law; History","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003132297,0.00004766092,0.00005872647,0.00004955909,0.000161637,0.000009941006,0.00007608336,0.000008962646,0.0001726607],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000144726,0.00002435495,0.00001181993,0.00005592813,0.00005260107,0.00002861671,0.00002691398,0.00008639163,0.000001119309],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006235745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009276089,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2362802,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.181042,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994459,0.00009013988,0.0001593913,0.00006671182,0.0001768085,0.00006110161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993264,0.0003800982,0.0001265745,0.0001055328,0.00005218893,0.000009169999],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002341119,0.0002362888,0.03579318,0.0001472003,0.00004826438,3.000502e-7,0.3232077,0.0008369526,0.001830396,0.566326,0.01623174,0.05531853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001629894,0.00002425324,0.6949915,0.0006568973,0.00001510826,0.000001385443,0.2851387,0.0001320125,0.002965419,0.001086656,0.01470814,0.0001168933],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946619,0.0003184919,2.920951e-7,0.002834932,0.0003770837,0.0001013632,0.000003497273,0.000002898006,0.001699581],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989672,0.000005837169,0.00002677218,0.0001962886,0.00004675765,0.00000969349,0.00002287587,0.000004058507,0.0007205176],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6591983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8339018,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0124326060565253,"score_gpt":0.2469616207533275,"score_spread":0.2345290146968022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}