{"id":"W4378347880","doi":"10.3390/membranes13050501","title":"Forward Osmosis for Metal Processing Effluents under Similar Osmotic Pressure Gradients","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Membranes","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Forward osmosis; Pressure-retarded osmosis; Osmotic pressure; Osmosis; Concentration polarization; Osmotic power; Factorial experiment; Effluent; Chemistry; Aqueous solution; Reverse osmosis; Fractional factorial design; Membrane; Membrane technology; Environmental engineering; Chromatography; Environmental science; Process engineering; Engineering; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000337103,0.0002915457,0.0002668432,0.000186227,0.000327288,0.0005024885,0.0002146207,0.0003604402,0.0005464233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004455309,0.0001074264,0.0003050745,0.0002142406,0.0002308146,0.0005558377,0.0002623726,0.0004981454,0.0001963915],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004018438,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003274738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001172318,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002365952,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997551,0.000046946,0.00002045715,0.00005164774,0.00009239522,0.00003344336],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998425,0.00004981296,0.00004610101,0.0000107141,0.00004084873,0.000009857479],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003292894,0.00002164212,0.0001330635,0.00003670774,0.000002396869,0.0000160185,0.00001544669,0.0001702709,0.9979382,0.00006061979,0.00001845986,0.001554126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005176626,0.000194055,0.0007004883,0.00000295973,0.000005512235,0.00002879511,0.00001709502,0.0009542913,0.99742,0.00002380673,0.0006432313,0.000004563314],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9894279,0.0003363533,0.009098876,0.0001153687,0.00002157282,0.00004374242,0.0001270455,0.00007407107,0.00075502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.984738,0.0006576932,0.01320562,0.00004714494,0.000007720038,0.00004013417,0.0001209345,0.00001906472,0.001163539],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001172318,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002915561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02615475496892519,"score_gpt":0.2719062320422967,"score_spread":0.2457514770733715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}