{"id":"W4378448046","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2023.106825","title":"Optimization of pelletization process conditions and binder concentration for production of fuel pellets from oat hull and quality evaluation","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biomass and Bioenergy","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; BioFuelNet Canada","keywords":"Pelletizing; Pellets; Pellet; Materials science; Combustion; Pyrolysis; Heat of combustion; Pulp and paper industry; Biomass (ecology); Composite material; Durability; Extrusion; Response surface methodology; Waste management; Chemistry; Chromatography; Agronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001598534,0.00008954696,0.0001312489,0.00007321501,0.0000395914,0.0000129641,0.00002661418,0.0000870108,0.00001768506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009216413,0.00008578641,0.00001469055,0.0002371681,0.0001040366,0.0001293935,0.00001243682,0.0000155072,2.221952e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001319358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001810735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002865506,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008930311,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993407,0.00002491754,0.0002327106,0.0001846093,0.0001370114,0.00008009144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995122,0.00006081429,0.00009778255,0.00006758881,0.0002283122,0.0000332985],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003710599,0.00002003577,0.00158468,0.0006702189,0.00003431367,4.13634e-8,0.0004123409,0.002772987,0.9922336,0.0002809045,0.00009380106,0.001859976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007295038,0.00004749446,0.005509559,0.00005551748,0.00006858144,6.148744e-7,0.0006186616,0.06915053,0.9226121,0.001011595,0.00005667473,0.0001391645],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964803,0.0006190945,0.002196435,0.0001465692,0.000123512,0.0002541545,0.00008868215,0.0000623053,0.00002894019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998417,0.0004888144,0.0003712472,0.000004591892,0.0000311593,0.00002942131,0.000635414,0.00001078183,0.00001158161],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0696215,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3498268,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02949959690937294,"score_gpt":0.2764866401456584,"score_spread":0.2469870432362855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}