{"id":"W4378877129","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4461640","title":"Evaluation and Learning in R&D Investment","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Innovation Policy and R&D","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Investment (military); Economics; Business; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02009268,0.0005037661,0.0009724142,0.003018707,0.001169832,0.008277569,0.001090328,0.00262981,0.01261815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1065727,0.0002679164,0.0004815909,0.00214334,0.005106847,0.00845359,0.002461863,0.001618961,0.001025668],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007707024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003869248,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004348751,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003987073,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9880236,0.007933675,0.000502339,0.0006802265,0.001773394,0.001086752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8516751,0.1186842,0.01011282,0.002764214,0.0116612,0.005102492],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001318482,0.00146248,0.06835046,0.0005043921,0.0001248282,0.0003824437,0.001130503,0.04604234,0.0005015027,0.5652705,0.008064288,0.3068479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001146565,0.0005775696,0.02160496,0.0003087034,0.00006230531,0.0001344929,0.00166628,0.07217683,0.002291522,0.8906706,0.01032483,0.00006726622],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6309249,0.01051816,0.05296787,0.02354376,0.0004058329,0.0003200897,0.0004435038,0.0002129373,0.280663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884678,0.0007067453,0.002041022,0.0002475189,0.00008897213,0.00002709401,0.00005137883,0.00001723518,0.00835225],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02009268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1062616,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05518878472105642,"score_gpt":0.2860702234160814,"score_spread":0.230881438695025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}