{"id":"W4378877129","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4461640","title":"Evaluation and Learning in R&D Investment","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Innovation Policy and R&D","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Investment (military); Economics; Business; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007917245,0.00005477025,0.00009971233,0.0004154085,0.0001268155,0.00003226828,0.00005317842,0.00004273864,0.00005007827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002980352,0.00006034621,0.00002103016,0.0004419052,0.0000161287,0.0001273933,0.00001627792,0.0008177552,0.0002829769],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005224074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002644047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009445387,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003431946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987899,0.0000432098,0.0002871344,0.0001161045,0.00005014663,0.0007134998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997365,0.00001962101,0.0001407336,0.00005094177,0.00003066681,0.00002151842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003084247,0.00001176692,0.01207534,0.000002319573,0.00002100038,3.063893e-7,0.0004907534,0.0004826055,0.00001481798,0.9799328,0.0001071532,0.006858094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005208763,0.00004765104,0.02322103,0.00000441605,0.00000267211,0.00002288933,0.00037824,0.003417072,0.000003591766,0.9566181,0.01568148,0.0000819756],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9817554,0.002281152,0.0005601631,0.002549036,0.0001360333,0.00008832123,0.000001310978,0.00002275202,0.01260586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942831,0.00172886,0.00002888093,0.0002629206,0.00009557077,0.000007594115,0.00000686903,0.000008903592,0.00357727],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02331465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.363719,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05518878472105642,"score_gpt":0.2860702234160814,"score_spread":0.230881438695025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}