{"id":"W4378878681","doi":"10.3390/pr11061665","title":"CFD Predictions for Mixing Times in an Elliptical Ladle Using Single- and Dual-Plug Configurations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Processes","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Rio Tinto (Canada); McGill University","funders":"Centre québécois de recherche et de développement de l’aluminium; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Ladle; Spark plug; Argon; Mechanics; Mixing (physics); Volume of fluid method; Plug flow; Steelmaking; Materials science; Computational fluid dynamics; Multiphase flow; Flow (mathematics); Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Engineering; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002354405,0.0003353268,0.0003631167,0.0005098301,0.0004132481,0.0007167701,0.0003309204,0.0007903395,0.001331728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006797473,0.0002233416,0.0005358022,0.0002693959,0.0003701947,0.0004381955,0.00027998,0.000343072,0.0002538585],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006781161,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007514589,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00838628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005226538,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999245,0.00001095106,0.00000495162,0.00001823597,0.00001631125,0.00002492293],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997544,0.0001454048,0.00003412289,0.00001186077,0.00003556495,0.00001878219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001164133,0.00004449609,0.002900525,0.0000460352,0.000004900691,0.000121892,0.00008352977,0.9750173,0.01574786,0.00128914,0.0001590648,0.004468799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006489941,0.00002381098,0.0004382108,0.000002976936,0.000002415327,0.000009311318,0.00002333503,0.9961395,0.003085032,0.0001005055,0.0001626309,0.000005777868],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9477293,0.0001527501,0.04619562,0.000107662,0.00002835575,0.00005128838,0.0003605707,0.0002591749,0.005115293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936543,0.00006856491,0.005215273,0.000006049963,0.000001964308,0.00002601686,0.00008362548,0.00001920563,0.0009249622],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00838628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01667494,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0440959327705225,"score_gpt":0.2713217759736021,"score_spread":0.2272258432030796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}