{"id":"W4378902509","doi":"10.3390/psychoactives2020013","title":"Supervenience and the Public Health Standard for Psychoactive Substances","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychoactives","topic":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tobacco Research Unit; University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health","funders":"","keywords":"Causation; Supervenience; Harm; Public health; Epistemology; Sociology; Positive economics; Political science; Social psychology; Psychology; Medicine; Philosophy; Economics; Metaphysics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04407169,0.0006999209,0.001077873,0.002500888,0.004459425,0.006747798,0.002922056,0.01601673,0.002795323],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05034155,0.0005156477,0.001601625,0.0009247141,0.04762051,0.01031413,0.007365128,0.01765371,0.0006896349],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005119322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007543216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00387603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00239531,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9575706,0.01784348,0.002754105,0.006242613,0.0139055,0.001683634],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9584695,0.02488141,0.003249428,0.00534975,0.006913742,0.001136255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001162619,0.00002358932,0.0001771458,0.00002737409,0.000004145019,0.00002005642,0.0003512438,0.00006742627,0.000110193,0.9951482,0.001098104,0.002960943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003650239,0.00008197012,0.0007635113,0.0001203521,0.00001114582,0.00008218327,0.0002985472,0.0002832832,0.0004043121,0.9525903,0.04530174,0.00002622445],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0254248,0.01875147,0.06836309,0.5288734,0.00505565,0.0002302452,0.0001776832,0.0001332657,0.3529904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8563575,0.004017574,0.02991724,0.08582951,0.004896529,0.0006606019,0.0001354508,0.00008799596,0.01809756],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04407169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2330762,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08811763137978179,"score_gpt":0.3940798618742758,"score_spread":0.305962230494494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}