{"id":"W4378902509","doi":"10.3390/psychoactives2020013","title":"Supervenience and the Public Health Standard for Psychoactive Substances","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychoactives","topic":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tobacco Research Unit; University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health","funders":"","keywords":"Causation; Supervenience; Harm; Public health; Epistemology; Sociology; Positive economics; Political science; Social psychology; Psychology; Medicine; Philosophy; Economics; Metaphysics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008723251,0.0001028284,0.0002223379,0.0001061144,0.0002606272,0.00005235066,0.00007099598,0.00003930194,0.00002159581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001135465,0.00006563614,0.00007497919,0.0003976671,0.0002564988,0.0001692516,0.000009291054,0.0001175781,0.000002662161],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005477351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008141021,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001444245,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001252036,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989772,0.00007205951,0.0001587325,0.000267151,0.0002547036,0.0002701733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992545,0.0002670061,0.00007927957,0.0001991254,0.00009713109,0.000103],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007503584,0.0003877809,0.3756506,0.000321353,0.0004417004,0.000005625312,0.04501829,0.000001320516,0.0007227822,0.04469086,0.01790812,0.507348],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007620481,0.0005596587,0.9466985,0.00007788283,0.0000532119,0.00002259874,0.01118132,0.00008037105,0.0003523045,0.006000441,0.02719765,0.0001555992],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9551228,0.0006221588,0.003079876,0.03836671,0.0004879023,0.0009999219,0.00004560666,0.0001486573,0.001126322],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997929,0.000768913,0.0001627797,0.0004839022,0.0001088744,0.0002336109,0.00002355089,0.00001601774,0.0002733409],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5710479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2676564,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08811763137978179,"score_gpt":0.3940798618742758,"score_spread":0.305962230494494,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}