{"id":"W4379137326","doi":"10.1136/thorax-2022-219158","title":"Pulmonary emphysema subtypes defined by unsupervised machine learning on CT scans","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Thorax","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University Health Centre","funders":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Sanofi; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; McGill University Health Centre; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Genentech; Grifols; McGill University; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries; COPD Foundation; GlaxoSmithKline; AstraZeneca; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; American Heart Association; Chiesi Farmaceutici; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Sunovion; Ikaria; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer","keywords":"Medicine; COPD; Chronic bronchitis; Lung; Population; Internal medicine; Bronchitis; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002094097,0.0004177721,0.0006662136,0.00215423,0.0003646915,0.001179088,0.0006815081,0.0006235606,0.0005675739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007311055,0.0002435742,0.0007305319,0.001013508,0.0005545574,0.0004621472,0.0007551134,0.0005264866,0.0002661323],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004274109,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000703562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002800778,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004164197,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988212,0.0003561262,0.0001616487,0.0002997705,0.000222462,0.0001387281],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959821,0.001642681,0.0008763751,0.0006496823,0.0006500107,0.0001991558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004831877,0.0001382707,0.9237438,0.00007539929,0.000191908,0.0002409365,0.0001848216,0.007778215,0.008729284,0.0005583804,0.0007122756,0.05716365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009856361,0.0002898543,0.7727573,0.00007900089,0.0001782147,0.002288516,0.0003743635,0.2080287,0.00701595,0.006990146,0.001838549,0.00006085464],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9636505,0.0003295321,0.03373964,0.0001028241,0.00001281686,0.0002627595,0.0006851677,0.0001725862,0.001044263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9666491,0.00008303889,0.03109766,0.00005183532,0.00002394048,0.0001363832,0.001605475,0.00002742309,0.0003251228],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002800778,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01107484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02438625838239036,"score_gpt":0.301437067937288,"score_spread":0.2770508095548976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}