{"id":"W4379179468","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics15061630","title":"Biomarkers as Biomedical Bioindicators: Approaches and Techniques for the Detection, Analysis, and Validation of Novel Biomarkers of Diseases","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Pharmaceutics","topic":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":338,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Foothills Medical Centre; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Biomarker; Computational biology; Biomarker discovery; Metabolomics; Bioinformatics; Epigenetics; Medicine; Computer science; Proteomics; Biology; Gene","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00528287,0.002513352,0.002672233,0.006257662,0.001034999,0.00391303,0.002146499,0.004108019,0.003520559],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004980466,0.0009587972,0.001657801,0.004626371,0.003048733,0.004902095,0.002821031,0.004440269,0.003499973],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001552336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002199028,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001041251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008975228,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947761,0.001566612,0.0003794487,0.001027528,0.001983958,0.0002662537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971463,0.001190956,0.0004835512,0.0002648942,0.0008007264,0.0001135582],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003895662,0.0002974274,0.003963781,0.02178623,0.0005239494,0.001059699,0.0008524989,0.003297305,0.2826995,0.1134932,0.03188634,0.5397505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003770909,0.0006091571,0.002749653,0.00254415,0.0003795259,0.002782042,0.0004401687,0.006040361,0.2484049,0.03567595,0.7000283,0.0003080299],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.008543373,0.6230366,0.3333504,0.005197326,0.004369291,0.0006405321,0.001663331,0.001381474,0.02181773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08495669,0.5869778,0.299263,0.005397464,0.003652876,0.001756138,0.002304854,0.0003699952,0.01532123],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006257662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02793878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1839054498954598,"score_gpt":0.4405307620192335,"score_spread":0.2566253121237737,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}