{"id":"W4379742110","doi":"10.1017/9781009089005.014","title":"Complex Numbers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"History and Theory of Mathematics","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematical proof; Cardinality (data modeling); Mathematics education; Focus (optics); Perspective (graphical); Computer science; Process (computing); Mathematical induction; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002283166,0.0006569098,0.0003759002,0.001329798,0.0009337604,0.00372304,0.0005224103,0.0004939276,0.06832922],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001709777,0.0002100771,0.0002752122,0.001075029,0.001416913,0.00271561,0.001281617,0.001846803,0.02231958],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0010996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000461365,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004943914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009202891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996107,0.00005859194,0.00001958781,0.00008881584,0.0001933771,0.00002897343],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996401,0.0001069199,0.0000304178,0.00006562767,0.0001231049,0.00003383904],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007267459,0.00000466624,0.00005838296,0.00009752627,0.000003346107,0.00003963241,0.000182852,0.0001267867,0.0004380342,0.829079,0.1242161,0.04574638],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001830336,0.000004617103,0.0001432119,0.00005703577,0.000001251246,0.0001738615,0.00006188754,0.0002402936,0.0001482228,0.1474091,0.8517545,0.000004198183],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001455852,0.01010326,0.02131546,0.002137829,0.003306142,0.00004227529,0.0004614782,0.0002953178,0.9608824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06398802,0.01169071,0.03692926,0.002454987,0.002252938,0.000189879,0.001227711,0.0004565189,0.8808101],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06832922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.228584,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09387217482112484,"score_gpt":0.2501970826209191,"score_spread":0.1563249077997943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}