{"id":"W4380030059","doi":"10.1109/icit58465.2023.10143147","title":"A Deep Multi-Modal Cyber-Attack Detection in Industrial Control Systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Modality (human–computer interaction); Modalities; Computer science; Industrial control system; Modal; Cyber-physical system; Computer security; Cyber-attack; Control (management); Real-time computing; Data mining; Artificial intelligence; Operating system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005781103,0.0001176101,0.0001713473,0.0003052589,0.0001204366,0.000181991,0.000333759,0.0001911029,0.00001691505],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007077282,0.00010932,0.00005397407,0.001368202,0.00001911813,0.000471961,0.0001050035,0.000283458,0.0003974483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008561756,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002820819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005601008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001149504,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986137,0.0001761099,0.0003006053,0.000343169,0.0002407218,0.0003256617],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994071,0.0001166646,0.0000695221,0.0002821432,0.00004675127,0.00007777833],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002885506,0.0004629506,0.002971076,0.00005443589,0.0000977333,0.0001982056,0.002496418,0.2976898,0.009268588,0.01498109,0.006077917,0.6654133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001697234,0.0000972054,0.001204371,0.00001586917,0.000002086726,0.00001311732,0.00005106932,0.9920535,0.0006390146,0.00008335161,0.004006951,0.0001362176],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2079521,0.00004781498,0.7855939,0.0003191415,0.004044453,0.000536175,8.721054e-7,0.0008099438,0.0006955019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988822,0.00001211238,0.000252855,0.00009504842,0.000332291,0.00006144771,0.000001113192,0.000007453981,0.0003555178],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.79093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5108526,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04002418785552789,"score_gpt":0.2604232552482743,"score_spread":0.2203990673927464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}