{"id":"W4380051600","doi":"10.1007/s00181-023-02441-7","title":"When to use matching and weighting or regression in instrumental variable estimation? Evidence from college proximity and returns to college","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Empirical Economics","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung","keywords":"Instrumental variable; Covariate; Econometrics; Propensity score matching; Weighting; Estimator; Matching (statistics); Average treatment effect; Statistics; Variance (accounting); Regression; Economics; Estimation; Variance inflation factor; Linear regression; Mathematics; Multicollinearity","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004753864,0.0001886056,0.0003593119,0.0001652055,0.000112936,0.00009201275,0.0001448434,0.000123049,0.00004597885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001804183,0.0001646609,0.00001670098,0.00027178,0.00003503407,0.0008754426,0.0004725269,0.0001911224,0.00001470614],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002921111,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008268634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002032783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000901335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998675,0.00006509855,0.0004614503,0.0004457175,0.00008159736,0.0002711132],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974654,0.001936128,0.0001158322,0.0002628838,0.00002634606,0.0001933739],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003841643,0.0008290724,0.4908371,0.001306755,0.0002340758,0.0004109608,0.06603041,0.003893469,0.01343993,0.326281,0.07066706,0.02222852],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00050228,0.000211726,0.01158061,0.001287592,0.00001779112,0.00001735769,0.001147765,0.03999366,0.0023658,0.9415451,0.0008478427,0.0004825011],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.9898372,0.000006097453,0.006751436,0.002117014,0.00005538325,0.0007508066,0.0002163603,0.0001931448,0.00007255582],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4914795,0.00003945756,0.5075683,0.0005122218,0.00002658365,0.00008849055,0.000009202404,0.00002922099,0.0002469661],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6152641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6714677,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2113409460094679,"score_gpt":0.4144630865748464,"score_spread":0.2031221405653786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}