{"id":"W4380084157","doi":"10.4178/epih.e2023054","title":"Barriers to COVID-19 vaccine surveillance: the issue of under-reporting adverse events","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Epidemiology and Health","topic":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Daiichi Sankyo Europe; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; National Research Foundation; Pfizer","keywords":"Medicine; Adverse effect; Vaccination; Odds ratio; Internal medicine; Logistic regression; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Pediatrics; Disease; Immunology; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01385468,0.0001923115,0.0006701251,0.0001608443,0.0009257697,9.526599e-7,0.0002109091,0.000213668,0.0008191275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005919438,0.0001462294,0.0001099286,0.0005251751,0.0001509645,0.00005807096,0.0001217675,0.000714524,0.0001939895],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001114058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006371837,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000446748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000212837,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995875,0.001654777,0.00124943,0.00039378,0.00008169864,0.000745328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943905,0.00311247,0.0009861251,0.00024683,0.00004887924,0.001215201],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001892527,0.00003157587,0.7630546,0.000144693,0.0001444986,0.0000136715,0.001164932,0.0164658,0.0004219566,0.002155172,0.2142745,0.001939353],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001300462,0.0001361499,0.3620831,0.00001515654,0.00003966473,0.00005264196,0.001803435,0.001731716,0.0001227081,0.003725344,0.6287897,0.0001999116],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6270718,0.0009756036,0.0005182376,0.3676286,0.001892903,0.0008199296,0.0001510443,0.0002083187,0.0007336185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8400454,0.003256251,0.00006501396,0.1553698,0.0002671976,0.00006310759,0.00004839909,0.0000143181,0.0008705141],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4145152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8968872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3570755738206277,"score_gpt":0.5778366822839613,"score_spread":0.2207611084633336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}