{"id":"W4380356149","doi":"10.1111/cdev.13950","title":"Infant-directed speech does not always involve exaggerated vowel distinctions: Evidence from Danish","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Child Development","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond; Royal Society","keywords":"Danish; Vowel; Psychology; Formant; Articulation (sociology); Manner of articulation; Phonetics; Linguistics; Audiology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008982903,0.0002459759,0.0002440712,0.0005248039,0.0003416672,0.0007586231,0.0002617235,0.0002817199,0.0007894965],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004401828,0.0002506662,0.0001403105,0.0002973486,0.000600908,0.0002262335,0.0007227837,0.000166968,0.0002658759],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002135023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003039467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003810416,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006955168,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991048,0.0002102274,0.0001190362,0.0002132255,0.0002726251,0.00008013008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977868,0.001012503,0.0005747042,0.0001714619,0.0003365392,0.0001180019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001328359,0.00007996405,0.7259381,0.0009757525,0.0001640756,0.004610443,0.04045884,0.0002230521,0.1894652,0.0004466856,0.0003488469,0.03596067],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005582036,0.0001706954,0.9756246,0.00004756056,0.00005704487,0.003806932,0.008138486,0.00009110877,0.00985576,0.00005609741,0.002125271,0.00002098451],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983582,0.0002519676,0.0002999271,0.00001076368,0.000005804915,0.000004006325,0.00008541265,0.000003091706,0.0009807866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991352,0.0002710067,0.0002458103,0.00001204616,0.000003006418,0.000005642521,0.0001007564,0.000004658475,0.0002218704],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003810416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007576466,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06455611533488728,"score_gpt":0.3343580732898287,"score_spread":0.2698019579549414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}