{"id":"W4380489493","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2023.128098","title":"Effects of shale swelling on shale mechanics during shale–liquid interaction","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Drilling and Well Engineering","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Southwest Petroleum University; China Scholarship Council; State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Oil shale; Swelling; Geology; Elastic modulus; Quartz; Bulk modulus; Geotechnical engineering; Petroleum engineering; Composite material; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007741482,0.0001773005,0.0001951319,0.0002464515,0.00004434544,0.00001517949,0.0001221828,0.00009309272,0.00001933992],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002853728,0.0001970507,0.00008581585,0.0003294739,0.000005019505,0.00009118588,0.00003269027,0.0001555007,0.00006920999],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006260887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004281088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002636755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003219056,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991379,0.00001234744,0.0002135771,0.0001838914,0.0001591662,0.000293126],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995744,0.0001217517,0.00003022141,0.0001896851,0.00001729495,0.00006671163],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001503993,0.00001196329,0.000003678246,0.0002915662,0.00003887837,0.00002568425,0.0001461346,0.8599214,0.1372442,0.001130275,0.00008036203,0.001090814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001739006,0.00005082094,0.00004850488,0.0002351451,0.000009913242,0.000003864681,0.00002134278,0.4667945,0.5314571,0.00007842321,0.0009682012,0.0001582739],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9651015,0.0002668966,0.02935559,0.000008855302,0.001762502,0.0000579154,0.000003240768,0.001202236,0.00224127],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986407,0.0003939934,0.00009361181,0.000008820357,0.000252187,0.00002251266,0.00001395905,0.00007879387,0.0004954727],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3942129,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8035495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004524362922329378,"score_gpt":0.1802060292653153,"score_spread":0.1756816663429859,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}