{"id":"W4380985505","doi":"10.1007/s40264-023-01324-1","title":"Serially Combining Epidemiological Designs Does Not Improve Overall Signal Detection in Vaccine Safety Surveillance","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Drug Safety","topic":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","field":"Medicine","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Comparator; Medicine; Calibration; Type I and type II errors; Sensitivity (control systems); Clinical study design; SIGNAL (programming language); Statistics; Computer science; Clinical trial; Internal medicine; Electronic engineering; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003703486,0.0003887167,0.00103709,0.0002114315,0.000163512,0.0000245499,0.0002616869,0.0002006612,0.0003572569],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00176921,0.0002940089,0.0002234146,0.0006472488,0.00007450232,0.0001888475,0.0002288214,0.0005423888,0.00028765],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003241935,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001593266,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003271024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009488786,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960598,0.000808923,0.001075526,0.0008516504,0.000415216,0.0007888567],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997075,0.001562503,0.0002707384,0.0006508332,0.0001406896,0.0003002769],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.02979266,0.0007142046,0.5399184,0.0006205464,0.0004082131,0.001101118,0.0007952176,0.003985053,0.3305061,0.001003777,0.003848524,0.08730624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005433411,0.0002223818,0.9719752,0.0001158347,0.0000268438,0.0000186524,0.0001083697,0.0101611,0.005263962,0.0005181533,0.005703943,0.0004521209],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.986812,0.00009223104,0.002763525,0.004249593,0.00120031,0.001341764,0.001160422,0.001098192,0.001281968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961141,0.0003195733,0.0004948766,0.001005758,0.0003945973,0.00005743239,0.0007874615,0.000055029,0.0007711129],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4320568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02260983833228658,"score_gpt":0.2856973029862471,"score_spread":0.2630874646539605,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}