{"id":"W4381946757","doi":"10.1063/5.0151320","title":"Adding a simple production term to Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence models for flows over two-dimensional hills","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Nanyang Technological University; University of Calgary","keywords":"Turbulence; Physics; Reynolds stress; K-epsilon turbulence model; Turbulence kinetic energy; Mechanics; Reynolds stress equation model; Reynolds number; Curvature; Turbulence modeling; Statistical physics; K-omega turbulence model; Mean flow; Crest; Term (time); Flow (mathematics); Geometry; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000185991,0.000153524,0.0001997003,0.00002988756,0.0002121464,0.00001350798,0.0001649543,0.00002549999,0.00004528242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004327661,0.0001397162,0.0001005468,0.0003649354,0.00006714951,0.0003459308,0.0002446641,0.00006488365,0.00008653707],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000638008,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008977712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006493035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009324967,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987594,0.0000168399,0.0001967439,0.0003840516,0.0003391212,0.0003038776],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995645,0.00006383968,0.00004528391,0.0002382738,0.00002380789,0.00006429204],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004945542,0.0001114768,0.001325957,0.00004423105,0.00003504909,0.000001506803,0.001770626,0.4627374,0.4893503,0.0002858404,0.02626457,0.01802352],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002134704,0.0005680266,0.03310767,0.000414564,0.0001293667,0.000004386908,0.0002530773,0.5503582,0.3266304,0.07789072,0.006950214,0.001558605],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976515,0.00002174609,0.000939608,0.0003009598,0.0002383105,0.0004011169,0.00009015101,0.00007540509,0.000281247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969124,0.000008887173,0.002186388,0.0001076409,0.0002853199,0.00008466067,0.00003762408,0.00002067219,0.0003564142],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1627199,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5697462,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02272721447419944,"score_gpt":0.2720833973821303,"score_spread":0.2493561829079309,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}