{"id":"W4381997232","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101100","title":"Use of hydrogen in dual-fuel diesel engines","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":218,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Diesel fuel; Ultra-low-sulfur diesel; Hydrogen fuel enhancement; Combustion; Diesel exhaust; Hydrogen fuel; Hydrogen; Waste management; Diesel engine; Exhaust gas recirculation; Internal combustion engine; Environmental science; Chemistry; Exhaust gas; Engineering; Automotive engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002463342,0.0001073646,0.0001536028,0.0006157074,0.00003425402,0.00001630465,0.0001717226,0.00006742114,0.000002876068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003640933,0.0001035205,0.00001630091,0.002529671,0.0004979504,0.0004214664,0.0002130188,0.0001133762,0.000001338026],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004007094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001858442,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001325706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001049023,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989669,0.0000108755,0.0002375493,0.0002650051,0.0002324183,0.0002872241],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995301,0.0001193203,0.00005126372,0.0002039191,0.00005645226,0.00003893678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001494229,0.00005726169,0.03069687,0.00005690776,0.000003629087,0.00002857493,0.0001966135,0.8401134,0.007538354,0.06686293,0.000008481732,0.054422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003614351,0.00003214879,0.02133441,0.0001499594,0.000002946807,0.000009550044,0.0001733178,0.912924,0.05773811,0.006361233,0.0006659894,0.0002469012],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940575,0.0007623716,0.004389249,0.0001931864,0.0000877421,0.00005707447,0.000002400521,0.000394663,0.00005583505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975092,0.0004449115,0.001903994,0.000008688654,0.000006994931,0.00004706977,0.00000267262,0.000008615101,0.00006788177],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07281056,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4221444,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02992367132211525,"score_gpt":0.278066356399553,"score_spread":0.2481426850774378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}