{"id":"W4382047591","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2300166120","title":"On the verge of domestication: Early use of C <sub>4</sub> plants in the Horn of Africa","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Animal Diversity and Health Studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Simon Fraser University; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats; European Research Council; Government of Canada; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Aksum University","keywords":"Domestication; Prehistory; Geography; Agriculture; Sorghum; French horn; Consumption (sociology); Archaic period; Period (music); Archaeology; Biology; Agroforestry; Ecology; Forestry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001188708,0.00005071868,0.0001238047,0.0000390706,0.0001920433,0.000006608049,0.0006417885,0.00004359223,0.000006130797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005774182,0.00001480539,0.00005294048,0.001098172,0.0007393695,0.0001463276,0.0001166635,0.00009106974,0.000001273048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006556761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008336895,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003312972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001338369,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987277,0.00001458895,0.0002417743,0.0001092025,0.0008004453,0.000106319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984064,0.001061441,0.0003548441,0.000004751837,0.0001608958,0.00001168414],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001257224,0.0001723933,0.0769665,0.0001044697,0.00002199699,1.581788e-8,0.003268585,0.00004905723,0.7339149,0.1789834,0.005185866,0.001207042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003731655,0.0001540579,0.941105,0.00007414591,0.00000468329,2.715131e-7,0.001326933,0.00005241742,0.04119683,0.01592796,0.00009355394,0.00002683809],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9918864,0.00003822908,1.236392e-8,0.006930803,0.000007946188,0.0001381975,0.00005779621,0.00000309292,0.0009375543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996681,0.0001698319,0.00001360757,0.0001105875,0.00001804844,0.000003801516,1.810242e-7,1.91593e-7,0.00001561268],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8641385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2724238,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1471538326627321,"score_gpt":0.2868933578168513,"score_spread":0.1397395251541192,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}