{"id":"W4382358570","doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/acdac6","title":"The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-wave Background","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1466,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; University of British Columbia","funders":"Office of Naval Research; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; Council for Higher Education; College of Science, Oregon State University; California Institute of Technology; Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities; Space Telescope Science Institute; Oregon State University; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Research Corporation for Science Advancement; Vanderbilt University; University of Toronto; Goddard Space Flight Center; University of Washington; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Brinson Foundation; Associated Universities; Texas Tech University; West Virginia University; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; University of Central Florida; John Templeton Foundation; University of Michigan; Simons Foundation; Flatiron Health; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Algorithm; Data set; Artificial intelligence; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002066963,0.000151069,0.0004246951,0.001512881,0.000459706,0.0006942406,0.0005605395,0.0003144293,0.00143756],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006119302,0.0001010087,0.0002385942,0.001844198,0.0005045891,0.0003752949,0.000821728,0.0002935483,0.0003717809],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003425855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004073369,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005561087,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01151697,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980468,0.0003421021,0.0001790649,0.0004471864,0.0008664752,0.0001184216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9916312,0.00344671,0.002164407,0.001453034,0.0008545439,0.0004500597],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002889125,0.00007013294,0.9671943,0.00005296604,0.0001756901,0.0004568758,0.0002832566,0.002226195,0.01059063,0.001080752,0.003147797,0.01443238],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003128028,0.00006194417,0.9809825,0.00001318657,0.00004087159,0.0004237348,0.0002216147,0.00696649,0.004387852,0.0005541316,0.006295332,0.00002104291],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924899,0.00006879964,0.001881407,0.0001262396,0.0000154603,0.00001086904,0.004012233,0.0000451456,0.001349821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881628,0.00002933001,0.001126532,0.0001052515,0.00001838613,0.00001900247,0.01023198,0.00002588157,0.0002808942],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005561087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01105744,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1282367046691852,"score_gpt":0.4015828142792285,"score_spread":0.2733461096100432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}