{"id":"W4382539084","doi":"10.18280/mmep.100304","title":"Optimization of Pyrolysis Operating Parameters for Biochar Production from Palm Kernel Shell Using Response Surface Methodology","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematical Modelling and Engineering Problems","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Biochar; Palm kernel; Pyrolysis; Response surface methodology; Shell (structure); Production (economics); Kernel (algebra); Palm; Pulp and paper industry; Process engineering; Environmental science; Agricultural engineering; Materials science; Mathematics; Waste management; Engineering; Composite material; Agroforestry; Statistics; Palm oil; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008684924,0.0001667522,0.0002780804,0.0001318336,0.00005973469,0.00002790946,0.00006255794,0.0001337038,0.000007309458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001579328,0.0001597743,0.00005930233,0.0002630239,0.00002936829,0.00009183388,0.0000238217,0.0001091815,0.000004044466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002663507,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006086664,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001008748,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.919998e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990245,0.00004073048,0.0003480647,0.000262066,0.0001026794,0.0002219751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994026,0.0002838321,0.00004220757,0.00016403,0.00004959187,0.00005767427],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002044954,0.000008286695,0.000004403889,0.0006881174,0.0000375373,1.759863e-7,0.0004596801,0.7859819,0.2126987,0.00003052656,0.000009216071,0.00006098186],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000154828,0.00002754518,0.000001432978,0.0001473067,0.00004324641,0.000003101844,0.00009307462,0.9245238,0.07426275,0.0005547132,0.00002646052,0.0001617929],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.4591885,0.000135056,0.5400662,0.00005510899,0.0001483226,0.0001780819,0.000006731874,0.0002204502,0.000001600109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.488639,0.0001170246,0.5111077,0.000003430544,0.00003777587,0.0000143488,0.00001644914,0.00003997787,0.00002424873],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1385419,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6515406,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0872479157874252,"score_gpt":0.2581399730939142,"score_spread":0.170892057306489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}