{"id":"W4382541699","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01641-6","title":"Understanding and combatting misinformation across 16 countries on six continents","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Human Behaviour","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":165,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Misinformation; Discernment; Psychological intervention; Psychology; Government (linguistics); Social psychology; Political science; Epistemology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009310273,0.0001054339,0.0001148549,0.0001247998,0.001657784,0.0004383475,0.0001227404,0.0002617978,0.0001316443],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002118289,0.00009990269,0.00003208631,0.000269827,0.0001397413,0.0006586639,0.00003531449,0.0003470746,0.00009290475],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002409556,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003648041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001255774,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006576098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987424,0.00004240727,0.0002116035,0.0001054749,0.0005446901,0.0003534278],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999478,0.00008727083,0.0001369177,0.00009827389,0.00007910076,0.0001203881],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004995096,0.00005230833,0.08028802,0.00007752042,0.00002656827,0.00001021995,0.3274045,0.00001633671,0.00008113365,0.4482018,0.1414656,0.002326106],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003086912,0.0001725429,0.583963,0.0003666641,0.00004084918,0.000005513091,0.3119873,0.0001318015,0.0004585466,0.003677691,0.09530652,0.0008027111],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9667122,0.00001920968,0.00002718497,0.001304134,0.0003525562,0.0002069699,0.00002816668,0.0002415122,0.03110802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961984,0.00003402397,0.000007165315,0.000765092,0.0001025203,0.000001294087,0.00007067616,0.000008473693,0.002812408],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5036749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996419,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1182467015327564,"score_gpt":0.4071600130785908,"score_spread":0.2889133115458345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}