{"id":"W4382584183","doi":"10.1257/app.20210583","title":"Uncovering Peer Effects in Social and Academic Skills","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Journal Applied Economics","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Peer effects; Psychology; Social skills; Peer group; Test (biology); Developmental psychology; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001294773,0.0001391594,0.0003245243,0.0002408697,0.0005002592,0.0001441839,0.0002692972,0.0000930453,0.00004661649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004052713,0.0001639291,0.0000566602,0.0001774321,0.0003092611,0.0003867983,0.00007296135,0.0005345813,0.0004445589],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005440659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002293513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005390848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001455134,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987473,0.0000426233,0.0003685793,0.0002387403,0.00006588476,0.0005368798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991917,0.0002570479,0.0002852223,0.00007665475,0.00001038787,0.0001790023],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000130136,0.00003646612,0.5493569,0.00003049335,0.000137425,0.00001389111,0.03553922,0.01680714,0.0001166816,0.03385687,0.01622537,0.3477494],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00201379,0.00007779072,0.7301301,0.0000290182,0.00002931447,0.00002514562,0.02137064,0.0006353055,0.0001160896,0.0540026,0.190632,0.0009382611],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842307,0.00002413225,0.000008892705,0.002399792,0.0004255951,0.0001247536,0.000005082335,0.00004497454,0.01273607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934664,0.003217762,0.0001262825,0.0007342415,0.002012902,0.00001811616,0.000002767605,0.00002390398,0.0003976043],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3468112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6684837,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0158985573484141,"score_gpt":0.3025954213860723,"score_spread":0.2866968640376582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}