{"id":"W4383058927","doi":"10.1002/hec.4730","title":"Health care expenditure and income in Canada: Evidence from panel data","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Economics","topic":"Global Health Care Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"San Francisco State University","keywords":"Cointegration; Economics; Income elasticity of demand; Panel data; Demographic economics; Econometrics; Health care; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001464715,0.0002627227,0.000866973,0.0001668104,0.0007232513,0.00001439852,0.0006864613,0.0001842774,0.00008892608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002868505,0.000287199,0.00001773547,0.0002663748,0.00003751005,0.0003501974,0.0008943143,0.0008985185,0.0003785696],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007739977,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02811351,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9926814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9989355,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952409,0.0007320773,0.001454491,0.0009264947,0.0001709932,0.001475019],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955872,0.001548263,0.0005970938,0.001367396,0.00005560375,0.0008444169],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008619535,0.00000995679,0.7236763,0.002859362,0.00001292959,0.00002737897,0.02169725,0.00009042032,1.950081e-7,0.0002352004,0.2334657,0.01783913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006646646,0.00006361731,0.8320515,0.001475586,0.000002495236,0.000001917139,0.03110132,0.001521099,2.701245e-7,0.0001601552,0.1327143,0.0002431357],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9079423,0.0245515,0.000003085034,0.05923588,0.002781678,0.001668814,0.003544569,0.0001439206,0.0001282418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9441632,0.02898688,0.0005705737,0.02384007,0.0005691412,0.0001151639,0.001613172,0.00006298703,0.0000787772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1083751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999958,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2299953808566192,"score_gpt":0.4597825832119251,"score_spread":0.2297872023553059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}