{"id":"W4383100603","doi":"10.1016/j.ast.2023.108495","title":"Optimization and parametric studies of two-stage-to-orbit liquid oxygen/paraffin hybrid rocket vehicles","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aerospace Science and Technology","topic":"Rocket and propulsion systems research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Payload (computing); Liquid oxygen; Rocket (weapon); Aerospace engineering; Propellant; Parametric statistics; Orbit (dynamics); Particle swarm optimization; Propulsion; Aerodynamics; Trajectory; Conceptual design; Engineering; Automotive engineering; Computer science; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Algorithm; Mathematics; Oxygen","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005902765,0.0001092298,0.0002247608,0.001293253,0.0001932732,0.00003687195,0.0002412585,0.00005994134,0.000003490614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004486005,0.00009525069,0.00001079574,0.005140368,0.00047722,0.0001654926,0.0003053036,0.0001195647,0.00002030561],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003027896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003471955,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001360324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009882898,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988642,0.00001336572,0.0001756586,0.0002832113,0.0003097199,0.000353818],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993538,0.00007728286,0.00003177758,0.0002215114,0.0002351111,0.00008056078],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000562084,0.00004046345,0.0124871,0.0006479684,0.00011472,0.00005542865,0.00198169,0.05865564,0.6062396,0.0007858872,0.007191896,0.3117434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004843933,0.00051942,0.0006346137,0.00009498432,0.000009324713,0.00002932059,0.003080893,0.06580929,0.9268804,0.0003962047,0.001745827,0.0003153254],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961979,0.001785868,0.000272914,0.001010283,0.00009836688,0.000214061,0.000004618834,0.0003283341,0.00008760875],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996639,0.001773759,0.001298882,0.00001209067,0.00001059074,0.00003499679,8.041404e-7,0.00001143166,0.0002185056],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3206409,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3884211,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03368344432810536,"score_gpt":0.3203799089873144,"score_spread":0.286696464659209,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}