{"id":"W4383374786","doi":"10.31124/advance.22898321.v1","title":"Understanding and studying value as a duality","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Innovation, Sustainability, Human-Machine Systems","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Construct (python library); Value (mathematics); Conceptualization; Operationalization; Epistemology; Subjectivity; CLARITY; Objectivity (philosophy); Framing (construction); Sociology; Psychology; Social psychology; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008439502,0.0002313796,0.000379671,0.0002566055,0.001329807,0.0005504525,0.0003479854,0.0003285876,0.0001047321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002388814,0.0002337746,0.00008509146,0.0004963792,0.0004002603,0.000157195,0.0009106944,0.0005436582,0.00002632905],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001889298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009040182,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09297337,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01744247,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965236,0.000963029,0.0005373184,0.0006846268,0.0008420629,0.0004494203],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983787,0.0005080322,0.0002541314,0.0004345517,0.0003225714,0.0001020073],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003668815,0.00002397996,0.03116275,0.0003316411,0.00005560874,0.00000717281,0.06059481,0.0001217401,0.000001177052,0.9067237,0.000923934,0.00004986162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001504002,0.00001693419,0.008020476,0.00009896107,0.00002547421,6.095117e-7,0.2337599,0.0002567891,0.000001611549,0.7557969,0.001534804,0.0003371341],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6060479,0.00010474,0.02114999,0.01405711,0.004560725,0.004082031,0.0000190935,0.001693746,0.3482847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9880869,0.00002043358,0.000162023,0.000108674,0.0005451497,0.000065195,0.00001527127,0.00003132971,0.01096507],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.382039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999703,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3904514264294704,"score_gpt":0.4429361172120948,"score_spread":0.05248469078262441,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}