{"id":"W4383425528","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-101097-6.00012-2","title":"Leaching","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Arithmetic underflow; Leaching (pedology); Solvent extraction; Solvent; Chemistry; Effluent; Extraction (chemistry); Materials science; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Chromatography; Environmental science; Organic chemistry; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004307687,0.001495781,0.000896627,0.002055871,0.001298091,0.002757637,0.001316422,0.001413808,0.2172121],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000516335,0.0006188213,0.0007958664,0.001614067,0.0005226583,0.001896816,0.002008759,0.001709869,0.2010583],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001003955,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001402971,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002994891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005905997,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993225,0.00002979599,0.00003306301,0.0001588682,0.0003969331,0.0000587236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998561,0.00001721967,0.000009607742,0.00002964851,0.00007328585,0.0000140048],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001495431,0.0001756556,0.0003658696,0.001117656,0.00003614122,0.0003952398,0.000254081,0.0006510026,0.08389458,0.02292091,0.2053833,0.684656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001316682,0.00004050202,0.0003012661,0.0001198052,0.0000149004,0.0003011053,0.000062538,0.0002272409,0.02870716,0.002866351,0.9673327,0.00001321088],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.004513843,0.008591164,0.01922275,0.001333212,0.001561926,0.0002702724,0.003272538,0.002694,0.9585403],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00519179,0.00374061,0.005067896,0.0005247018,0.0001071918,0.0001117693,0.00192151,0.0003994389,0.9829351],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2172121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02303268975318925,"score_gpt":0.2446123150007747,"score_spread":0.2215796252475855,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}