{"id":"W4383425710","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-101097-6.00004-3","title":"Liquid–liquid extraction","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Solvent; Chromatography; Solvent extraction; Liquid liquid; Liquid–liquid extraction; Extraction (chemistry); Liquid phase; Phase (matter); Materials science; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002547318,0.00162444,0.0009904527,0.001906391,0.001000306,0.001748839,0.001012166,0.001135843,0.110974],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002343373,0.0007836594,0.0007583718,0.002056859,0.0005207954,0.002234911,0.00161852,0.00199375,0.1204628],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005483872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005924493,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001081456,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002523681,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997239,0.00001275,0.00001116836,0.00006429812,0.0001609364,0.00002702616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999356,0.0000178138,0.000004551932,0.00001256643,0.0000236286,0.000005910406],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007433615,0.0001672559,0.00009270793,0.001176306,0.00002196319,0.0004874982,0.0001390929,0.00078532,0.1585156,0.01703208,0.095562,0.7259458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006845114,0.00005428719,0.0002757862,0.0001586795,0.00001699668,0.0006797904,0.00003790283,0.0007953166,0.08357327,0.004128641,0.9102499,0.00002258413],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.005473416,0.03141119,0.1033351,0.0008700949,0.001677659,0.0003159963,0.001434731,0.003362896,0.8521188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008682164,0.01467443,0.01927287,0.0006014458,0.000210673,0.0001168224,0.001670154,0.0005895364,0.954182],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.110974,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3712451,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02313855260428624,"score_gpt":0.2618231773459847,"score_spread":0.2386846247416985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}