{"id":"W4383425710","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-101097-6.00004-3","title":"Liquid–liquid extraction","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Solvent; Chromatography; Solvent extraction; Liquid liquid; Liquid–liquid extraction; Extraction (chemistry); Liquid phase; Phase (matter); Materials science; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001266018,0.0003778671,0.00033418,0.0002408851,0.00009241873,0.00005926967,0.0001511398,0.0004544221,0.0008795173],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001478744,0.0004136888,0.0001706696,0.00002238775,0.00003939048,0.0001190728,0.0000253815,0.0006049652,0.004306838],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009453281,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000527746,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":1.370027e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002627922,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987219,0.000007798911,0.0004477224,0.0002953675,0.0002922233,0.0002350064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999294,0.00006204921,0.0001035677,0.0003270607,0.00009554283,0.0001177794],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009748515,0.000008360655,1.343344e-7,0.0005691273,0.0002730452,0.00008294025,0.0003188804,0.0006453153,0.00435347,0.01745924,0.01170869,0.9644833],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009289015,0.00007301247,0.00000102116,0.0001639913,0.00005065782,0.00001869478,0.000008340684,0.00008137356,0.001389634,0.001105443,0.996594,0.0004209428],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003742527,0.000620503,0.00009355867,0.00003966678,0.001932153,0.000237663,0.00002288666,0.001537592,0.9954786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009457417,0.0008981531,0.00006361007,0.000123777,0.0006044104,0.00005285581,0.00006331212,0.0002181049,0.99703],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9848853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998315,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02313855260428624,"score_gpt":0.2618231773459847,"score_spread":0.2386846247416985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}