{"id":"W4383619349","doi":"10.1108/sc-11-2022-0047","title":"Law enforcement against investment fraud: a comparison study from the USA and Canada with a case study on binary options in Indonesia","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Safer Communities","topic":"Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Law enforcement; Enforcement; Investment (military); Legal research; Statute; Business; Law; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005020922,0.0001637398,0.000240537,0.00007497416,0.002718884,0.00009210702,0.00024854,0.0000290331,0.00001216818],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005154163,0.0001048471,0.00001651794,0.000308823,0.0005310575,0.00008818462,0.0002184711,0.0002811155,0.000003609884],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000176681,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002248344,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9925815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9995694,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979411,0.0009985903,0.0002209914,0.0001305236,0.0004358126,0.0002729364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990311,0.0004759533,0.00005719892,0.0003335738,0.00004361694,0.00005861868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003238458,0.0003479199,0.6243351,0.000002526442,0.0001006145,0.0004537531,0.3679062,0.0002773514,2.938134e-7,0.006147462,0.000340511,0.00005591203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000515192,0.0002534319,0.3579108,0.00002340101,0.00001973108,0.000001382896,0.6372124,0.00002082311,3.686175e-7,0.00002896997,0.003914155,0.00009942495],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9916634,0.00009396905,1.514048e-7,0.001048159,0.0001164351,0.001053534,0.00002488054,0.00003637078,0.005963103],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986774,0.00002644183,0.000003552137,0.0008619302,0.00004340064,0.0002085557,0.000009793432,0.000009893363,0.0001590602],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2693062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985794,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0638858240630566,"score_gpt":0.30848942379679,"score_spread":0.2446035997337334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}