{"id":"W4383645540","doi":"10.22541/essoar.168881958.83863444/v1","title":"The Stepwise Reduction of Multiyear Sea Ice Area in the Arctic Ocean Since 1980.","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Framsenteret; Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society; Norges Forskningsråd; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; University of Manitoba; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","keywords":"Arctic; Sea ice; Climatology; Environmental science; Arctic ice pack; Oceanography; Arctic sea ice decline; Forcing (mathematics); Lead (geology); Climate change; Geology; Drift ice","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004012253,0.0002761047,0.0001238523,0.000563072,0.0002754834,0.0006320215,0.0002424181,0.0002758308,0.0007598675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008798585,0.0001043939,0.0003139491,0.0006723496,0.0002422169,0.0005771946,0.0006261488,0.00034573,0.0002595564],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008420741,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007694403,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02949913,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05364379,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998436,0.00001344672,0.00001820596,0.00004639352,0.00004903297,0.00002928697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995228,0.00002191737,0.0002394787,0.00002673449,0.0001244173,0.00006470417],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001373137,0.00003248394,0.9073429,0.0002172738,0.0001453205,0.0002865188,0.0005482706,0.002508953,0.00650858,0.001215182,0.003653705,0.0774036],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001728937,0.000035726,0.9883128,0.00003198792,0.0000196056,0.0001526408,0.000164954,0.0007500062,0.0006953877,0.000206636,0.009622256,0.000006322459],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9782194,0.005710363,0.001619379,0.001403296,0.0002036068,0.00002485792,0.005583086,0.00007240912,0.00716362],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990761,0.002208401,0.001452534,0.0002886044,0.00007540934,0.00002209228,0.003199885,0.00001428917,0.001977884],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02949913,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0586549,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02637835118044402,"score_gpt":0.2323978739113643,"score_spread":0.2060195227309203,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}