{"id":"W4384027958","doi":"10.1017/9781009401968.006","title":"Quantum electrodynamics","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Action (physics); Content (measure theory); Physics; Quantum electrodynamics; Quantum; Quantum mechanics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005799942,0.000456162,0.000456563,0.0001383186,0.0002269067,0.00007756949,0.0004967015,0.0001797297,0.00001937732],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001054953,0.0005481471,0.000397929,0.00001591619,0.0001291944,0.00006654269,0.0003846645,0.000559862,0.00012256],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001007737,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001462818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002777938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002853817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985645,0.00001770957,0.0001976797,0.0005628282,0.0002538665,0.0004033518],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988317,0.00008333111,0.0002281766,0.0005694164,0.000132927,0.0001544105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002016869,0.00001098391,0.0000105749,0.00002745676,0.0003000461,0.0000598659,0.00001273808,0.0000037055,0.0001439155,0.9809721,0.0161374,0.002301075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005101386,0.0000518752,0.00001660121,0.0001291927,0.0002967545,0.000001170842,0.0000376165,0.001052795,0.0004302807,0.00187914,0.9947661,0.0008283072],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009625122,0.00002156096,0.0003422549,0.00001669694,0.0003291712,0.0003151585,0.0006495603,0.0002158757,0.9971472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02337991,0.00001751606,0.00001302021,0.00001819502,0.0004455208,0.000001215301,0.0002659757,0.0001037299,0.9757549],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.979093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999697,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01600581958729161,"score_gpt":0.1935168637116335,"score_spread":0.1775110441243418,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}