{"id":"W4384036052","doi":"10.3390/batteries9070375","title":"Economic and Environmental Viability of Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling—Case Study in Two Canadian Regions with Different Energy Mixes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Batteries","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development; Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Battery (electricity); Life-cycle assessment; Raw material; Environmental science; Environmental impact assessment; Sustainability; Supply chain; Waste management; Lithium-ion battery; Lithium battery; Environmental economics; Process engineering; Business; Engineering; Production (economics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000525047,0.00009229746,0.0001242776,0.0001366748,0.00004794489,0.00002155787,0.0000303791,0.00002063063,0.00006068155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002964345,0.00008532968,0.00001062552,0.00005035527,0.00004890557,0.0001286846,0.00001125664,0.00005010124,0.000003772351],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006901496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001434406,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01958553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4998784,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995226,0.00002513597,0.0001708532,0.0001304241,0.00003876452,0.0001122057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997531,0.00005021959,0.00002137588,0.00011265,0.000002718961,0.0000600024],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004178771,0.0001135334,0.9816634,0.0001062786,0.00005719095,0.000273956,0.006252842,0.00563156,0.003345259,0.00009449769,0.0008032689,0.001616429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00205396,0.0003944482,0.9047124,0.00008604806,0.00005277032,0.0005153822,0.04338468,0.01069816,0.02371597,0.0003822756,0.01316647,0.0008374127],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993088,0.00002324969,0.00004615447,0.0001348157,0.0000932231,0.00008467385,0.00002792034,0.00004742397,0.0002338027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996542,0.000058269,0.00001080481,0.00002716021,0.00001450796,0.00003569998,0.00002142145,0.00001217775,0.0001657919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4802929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9869431,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01332771073894166,"score_gpt":0.2345632259872116,"score_spread":0.2212355152482699,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}