{"id":"W4384134745","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-85040-1_282","title":"Scaling and Scale Invariance","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Encyclopedia of earth sciences series/Encyclopedia of earth sciences","topic":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Scale invariance; Scaling; Scale (ratio); Statistical physics; Physics; Mathematics; Geometry; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008009082,0.0007555388,0.0007970519,0.001627208,0.0009894044,0.002406547,0.0004998551,0.000758063,0.01784141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003077891,0.000302443,0.0008280598,0.001303435,0.002938843,0.003698795,0.001654692,0.001609118,0.003675471],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006822255,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003344526,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007969011,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003835615,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994548,0.0001146086,0.00003120571,0.0001998167,0.0001469288,0.00005271705],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992126,0.0002484829,0.00008434691,0.0002606036,0.0001455686,0.00004838317],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004103993,0.000003787174,0.00007073784,0.00001767812,0.000006401485,0.00002129267,0.00007924083,0.0002908927,0.0002820418,0.9842657,0.003434797,0.01152351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002228739,0.000004766501,0.0002949999,0.000004859172,0.000003562065,0.00006129804,0.00003519782,0.0009862838,0.0001349807,0.9833063,0.01516062,0.000004905683],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.04294979,0.009593982,0.2434676,0.005970114,0.002050122,0.00007789407,0.0007063389,0.0008538465,0.6943303],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7393462,0.006608717,0.05045737,0.002113435,0.004313682,0.0002424491,0.0009500224,0.000869517,0.1950986],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01784141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05968541,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03429903060681216,"score_gpt":0.2241685515232378,"score_spread":0.1898695209164256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}